Abstract: The Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) transceiver is an important communication equipment to ensure the safety of aviation. This design adopts a zero intermediate frequency architecture as the hardware structure of the SSR RF transceiver, replacing the traditional superheterodyne architecture. It makes the overall hardware system structure simpler, lower power consumption and smaller size. The article provides a theoretical feasibility analysis of the transmit-receive structure of the SSR hardware system, and assesses the budget gain and channel selectivity of the RF circuit in advance through the Advanced Design System (ADS) simulation software. On this basis, the design of the SSR RF transceiver front-end is completed, and the actual circuit board test of RF preprocessing module is completed. The results show that when a 0 dBm (1030MHz) signal is input at the transmitter, the transmitter output power is greater than 20 dBm and when a −30 dBm (1090MHz) signal is input at the receiver, the channel selection output power is greater than −8 dBm. Compared with the traditional AD9361 system , with the RF preprocessing module, the output signal-to-noise ratio of the entire system is increased by at least 3 dB, and the noise coefficient is reduced by at least 3 dB.