Abstract: Underwater optical transmission is greatly affected by water quality, water flow and other factors, resulting in serious attenuation of light intensity, which leads to instability and unpredictability of optical transmission path, resulting in large tracking errors of optical dynamic communication. Therefore, a high-precision tracking and control system for underwater optical dynamic communication based on all-optical capture method is designed. Design the underwater all-optical detector, modify the dynamic driver, underwater optical communication signal processor and high-precision tracking controller, and optimize the hardware system through waterproof treatment. The underwater optical dynamic communication signal is collected by all-optical acquisition method, the underwater optical dynamic communication state is detected by feature analysis, and the real-time location of the underwater communication spot is determined and tracked. Through the system test experiment, it is concluded that the tracking error of the optimized design system is always lower than 10 mm, the communication signal-to-noise ratio and signal strength are increased by 18.42 and 14.9 dBm respectively, and the tracking control accuracy is significantly better than that of other systems, and has been above 95%, which indicates that the optimized design system has obvious advantages in tracking and control functions.