• 面向存内计算的低面积比较器失调校准电路

    Low-area comparator offset calibration circuit for computing-in-memory

    • 在存算一体(Computing-in-Memory, CIM)系统中,模数转换器(Analog-to-Digital Converter, ADC)常以阵列形式工作。然而,器件的失配会导致ADC中的比较器产生失调电压,进而引起矩阵运算误差,严重影响CIM系统的整体性能。传统的失调校准方法多针对单个比较器设计,其校准电路面积开销大、逻辑复杂,难以直接应用于阵列场景。为此,本文提出一种面向存内计算的低面积比较器失调校准电路。该方案采用一个6位数模转换器(Digital-to-Analog Converter, DAC)产生全局校准电压,并利用全差分积分器对该信号进行积分,结合二分搜索算法快速搜索各比较器所需的校准电压,实现失调电压的精细调整。基于55 nm CMOS工艺的设计与仿真结果表明,在20 MHz输入时钟下,比较器的失调电压可由14.7 mV(3.3σ)降至1.03 mV(3.3σ),单个集成校准功能的比较器版图面积为434 μm²。相较于传统校准方法,所提方案通过共用校准信号产生电路,仅需为每个比较器增设积分器,省去了复杂的校准逻辑电路,显著降低了校准电路的面积开销,适用于比较器阵列的高效校准。

       

      Abstract: In computing-in-memory (CIM) systems, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are typically deployed in array configurations. Device mismatches, however, introduce offset voltages in the comparators within ADCs, leading to errors in matrix operations and consequently degrading the overall performance of the CIM system. Conventional offset calibration methods are predominantly designed for individual comparators and are often unsuitable for array applications due to their substantial area overhead and complex calibration circuitry. To address this issue, a low-area comparator offset calibration circuit tailored for CIM systems is proposed. The proposed scheme utilizes a 6-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to generate a global calibration voltage, which is then integrated by a fully differential integrator. A binary search algorithm is employed to rapidly determine the required calibration voltage for each comparator, enabling precise offset voltage adjustment. Simulation results based on a 55 nm CMOS process demonstrate that, under a 20 MHz input clock, the comparator offset voltage is reduced from 14.7 mV (3.3σ) to 1.03 mV (3.3σ). The layout area of a single comparator with integrated calibration circuitry is 434 μm². Compared to conventional calibration approaches, the proposed method shares the calibration signal generation circuit and only requires an additional integrator per comparator, thereby eliminating complex calibration logic and significantly reducing the area overhead. This makes it particularly suitable for efficient calibration of comparator arrays.

       

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