Abstract: Under the constraints of transmission time and continuous interference cancellation in wireless multi hop communication networks, drone swarm wireless communication networks compete for the same channel resources, resulting in a large backlog of virtual queues for transmitted data frames and poor throughput. Therefore, a throughput optimization method for unmanned aerial vehicle wireless multi hop communication networks based on the Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm was designed. Based on the real-time location information and communication network status of the drone, dynamically adjust the relay path, calculate the transmission capacity and energy efficiency of the multi hop relay link, introduce the variable neighborhood search algorithm, efficiently perceive the throughput of the wireless multi hop communication network, and construct a throughput perception model based on channel spectrum perception status. When defining throughput, the impact of co frequency interference on links is considered, and the optimal wireless multi hop communication scheme for unmanned aerial vehicles is solved to achieve throughput optimization. The experimental results show that this method can reduce virtual queue backlog under multi hop constraints. When the communication volume is 14000 bit, the packet loss is 101.6 byte, and the throughput is increased to 2.7 × 105 packets at an input rate of 80 packets/s.